{"id":28880,"date":"2024-02-27T18:44:31","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T23:44:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/?p=28880"},"modified":"2025-03-04T15:39:28","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T20:39:28","slug":"identifying-standard-pop-chord-progressions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/2024\/identifying-standard-pop-chord-progressions\/","title":{"rendered":"Identifying standard pop chord progressions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This week in aural skills, we are practicing identifying <a href=\"https:\/\/viva.pressbooks.pub\/openmusictheory\/chapter\/intro-to-pop-schemas\/\">pop schemas<\/a>, that is, chord sequences and loops that occur commonly in various kinds of Anglo-American top 40, rock, R&amp;B and related styles. We previously covered the permutations of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/2024\/identifying-i-iv-and-v-chords\/\">I, IV and V<\/a> and\u00a0the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/2024\/identifying-plagal-cadences\/\">plagal cadence<\/a>. Now we&#8217;re getting into progressions that bring in the rest of the diatonic family, that is, the chords you can make using the notes in the major and natural minor scales.<\/p>\n<h3>Singer-Songwriter\/Axis progression<\/h3>\n<p>A huge percentage of current mainstream pop and rock songs are built on the four-legged stool of the I, IV, V and vi chords. In C, those are C, F, G, and Am. You can find these chords in any order, but there&#8217;s a particularly inescapable sequence that my NYU colleagues call the singer-songwriter progression: I, V, vi, IV, which in C is C, G, Am, F.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"28882\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/2024\/identifying-standard-pop-chord-progressions\/axis\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?fit=3160%2C1037&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"3160,1037\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Axis progression in C\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?fit=640%2C210&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-28882\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis-1024x336.png?resize=640%2C210&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?resize=1024%2C336&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?resize=300%2C98&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?resize=768%2C252&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?resize=1536%2C504&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?resize=2048%2C672&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/axis.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--more-->The other widely used name for this chord sequence is the Axis progression, after the Axis of Awesome video.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HTYrkOZ5nCs?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>The video gives you more examples of the Axis progression than you could ever need. I&#8217;ll just direct your attention to &#8220;With or Without You&#8221; by U2 (1987), because the Axis loop runs uninterrupted through the entire song, outlined clearly by Adam Clayton&#8217;s bassline. The song is in D, and the loop goes D, A, Bm, G.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ujNeHIo7oTE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>You can make other widely used progressions by rotating the Axis loop to different starting positions. For example, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/2024\/call-me-maybe\/\">Call Me Maybe<\/a>&#8221; by Carly Rae Jepsen (2012) starts the Axis progression on IV. It&#8217;s in G, and the chords are C, G, D, Em.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fWNaR-rxAic?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>The chorus of &#8220;Umbrella&#8221; by Rihanna (2008) uses this same Axis rotation. It&#8217;s in Db, and it goes Gb, Db, Ab, Bbm.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CvBfHwUxHIk?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;start=56&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mtosmt.org\/issues\/mto.17.23.3\/mto.17.23.3.richards.html\">This article by Mark Richards<\/a> gives examples of all four possible Axis rotations.<\/p>\n<h3>Doo-Wop<\/h3>\n<p>The Doo-Wop progression is the same chords as the Axis progression, just in a different order: I-vi-IV-V. In C, that&#8217;s C, Am, F, G. If the Axis is the sound of the current pop mainstream, the doo-wop progression is the sound of the mid-twentieth century. The Everly Brothers&#8217; &#8220;All I Have To Do Is Dream&#8221; (1958) is a classic example. It&#8217;s in E, and the chorus goes E, C#m, A, B.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tbU3zdAgiX8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>The chorus of Dolly Parton&#8217;s &#8220;I Will Always Love You&#8221; also uses the doo-wop progression. Check out the iconic recording by Whitney Houston (1992). It&#8217;s in A, and it goes A, F#m, D, E.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3JWTaaS7LdU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;start=45&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>The doo-wop progression is closely related to the I-vi-ii-V jazz turnaround. For whatever reason, rock musicians prefer IV to ii.<\/p>\n<h3>Hopscotch<\/h3>\n<p>The hopscotch progression is yet another re-ordering of the Axis and doo-wop chords: IV-V- vi &#8211; I. In C, that&#8217;s F, G, Am, C. The progression is named after the chorus of &#8220;Hopscotch&#8221; by All Levels At Once (2013). It&#8217;s in Ab, and it goes Db, Eb, Fm, Ab.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hvbo5fEO4BU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;start=41&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>The chorus of &#8220;Bad Romance&#8221; by Lady Gaga (2008) uses the hopscotch progression. It&#8217;s in C, and it begins F, G, Am, C.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qrO4YZeyl0I?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;start=87&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>There are other possible combinations of I, IV, V and vi, they just don&#8217;t all have memorable nicknames. But I guarantee you that you can turn on the radio right now and hear one of them.<\/p>\n<h3>Puff schema<\/h3>\n<p>Here&#8217;s the first schema we&#8217;re covering that doesn&#8217;t use the Axis chords. It&#8217;s I, iii, IV, V. In C, that&#8217;s C, Em, F, G. The Puff schema is named after &#8220;Puff The Magic Dragon&#8221; by Peter, Paul and Mary (1963). The tune is in A, and the progression begins with A, C#m, D and E. Fun fact, the song is based on a poem by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenny_Lipton\">the guy who invented RealD 3D<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GD6qtc2_AQA\">The more you know<\/a>!<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Y7lmAc3LKWM?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>I associate the Puff schema with a much less family-friendly tune: Marvin Gaye&#8217;s &#8220;Let&#8217;s Get It On&#8221; (1973). It&#8217;s in Eb, and the verses are a loop of Eb, Gm, Ab, Bb.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/x6QZn9xiuOE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>There&#8217;s a variant on the Puff schema where, rather than ending on V, you go back to I. In C, that&#8217;s C, Em, F, C. You can hear this variant in the verses of &#8220;The Weight&#8221; by The Band (1968). It&#8217;s in A, and it goes A, C#m, D, A.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FFqb1I-hiHE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>You can also have a Puff schema with an altered mediant, that is, with iii replaced by V\/vi. In C, that&#8217;s C, E7, F, [something else]. The chorus of David Bowie&#8217;s &#8220;Space Oddity&#8221; (1969) combines the altered-mediant Puff with the plagal sigh on the lines &#8220;This is ground control to Major Tom.&#8221; It&#8217;s in C, and it begins C, E7, F, Fm.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iYYRH4apXDo?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;start=87&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Radiohead&#8217;s &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XFkzRNyygfk\">Creep<\/a>&#8221; also uses the combination of altered-mediant Puff and plagal sigh.<\/p>\n<p>There&#8217;s a minor-key variant on the Puff schema, the Minor Puff: i &#8211; bIII &#8211; iv. In C minor, that&#8217;s Cm, Eb, Fm. You can hear the Minor Puff in the chorus of\u00a0 &#8220;Telephone&#8221; by Lady Gaga featuring Beyonc\u00e9 (2010). It&#8217;s in F minor, and it goes Fm, Ab, Bbm, Fm.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XkGIneCJRlc?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<h3>Aeolian Cadence<\/h3>\n<p>The term &#8220;Aeolian cadence&#8221; originates in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/19401159.2018.1484613\">a William Mann article about the Beatles<\/a>, and it has confused people ever since, because it isn&#8217;t technically a cadence. Nevertheless, the term has stuck. The &#8220;cadence&#8221; is bVI-bVII-i, which in C minor is Ab, Bb, Cm. The chorus of &#8220;Psycho Killer&#8221; by Talking Heads (1977) has a nice Aeolian cadence. The version from Stop Making Sense is in A minor, and it begins F, G, Am. Listen to the lines &#8220;Psycho killer, qu&#8217;est-ce que c&#8217;est? Fafafa fa fa, fa fafa fa fa&#8221;.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wke3tdWrd3k?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;start=68&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>You can end the Aeolian cadence on a major I for the Super Mario Bros ending, much beloved by film score composers. It&#8217;s in C, and it goes Ab, Bb, C.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3BsBXp6VkvU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>The Beatles do the Super Mario Bros cadence on the chorus of &#8220;I Am The Walrus&#8221; (1967), on the lines &#8220;I am the eggman, they are the eggmen, I am the walrus, koo koo k&#8217;choo.&#8221; That little passage is in E, and the chords are C, D, E.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ws5klxbI87I?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>It&#8217;s a weird place to put a musical cliche for triumph and finality; I assume John Lennon meant you to hear it with air quotes around it.<\/p>\n<h3>Aeolian Shuttle<\/h3>\n<p>If you go backwards and forwards through the Aeolian cadence, you get the Aeolian shuttle, which is i, bVII, bVI, bVII. In C minor, that&#8217;s Cm, Bb, Ab, Bb. It&#8217;s called a shuttle and not a progression because it tends to loop endlessly.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;All Along The Watchtower&#8221; by Bob Dylan is the granddaddy of Aeolian shuttles in rock, thanks to Jimi Hendrix&#8217;s recording (1968). It&#8217;s in Cm.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TLV4_xaYynY?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>The chorus of \u201cIn the Air Tonight\u201d by Phil Collins (1981) is also an Aeolian shuttle. It&#8217;s in D minor, and it goes Dm, C, Bb, C.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YkADj0TPrJA?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<h3>Lydian cadence<\/h3>\n<p>It&#8217;s not all in Lydian mode and it&#8217;s not really a cadence, but what the heck. It goes I, II, IV, I. In C, that&#8217;s C, D, F, C. You can hear it in the verses of \u201cEight Days a Week\u201d by the Beatles (1964). It&#8217;s in D, and the verses go D, E, G, D. The &#8220;Lydian&#8221; part is the E chord; otherwise it&#8217;s straight major.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0soSE-RMH3s?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>You can hear another Lydian cadence in the chorus of &#8220;You Can&#8217;t Always Get What You Want&#8221; by the Rolling Stones (1969).<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ef9QnZVpVd8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>The tune is in C. The line &#8220;But if you try sometimes&#8221; is on a D chord, and the line &#8220;you might find&#8221; is on an F chord. Then it resolves back to C on &#8220;you get what you need.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>There&#8217;s another good Lydian cadence in &#8220;Harvest&#8221; by Neil Young (1972). Listen to the chorus at 0:50.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/If6OYimXFTc?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;start=50&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/div>\n<p>The song is in D. Neil sings the line &#8220;Dream up, dream up, let me fill your cup with the promise of a man&#8221; over G, A, Bm, E, and then resolves to D on the word &#8220;promise.&#8221; The E to D is the Lydian cadence.<\/p>\n<p>These progressions and loops all have something in common: aside from the doo-wop, they all assiduously avoid V-I root movement and any other feeling of strong harmonic closure. You can also weaken the closure produced by the V-I in the doo-wop progression by repeating it endlessly. If there is one difference between harmony in the European classical canon and Anglo-American pop, it&#8217;s this: a classical composition is a harmonic journey with a beginning, a middle and an end, while a pop song shows the influence of Afrodiasporic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/2021\/pieces-vs-songs-vs-grooves\/\">groove structures<\/a>: a series of places to be for various lengths of time, without any particular goal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This week in aural skills, we are practicing identifying pop schemas, that is, chord sequences and loops that occur commonly in various kinds of Anglo-American top 40, rock, R&amp;B and related styles. We previously covered the permutations of I, IV and V and\u00a0the plagal cadence. Now we&#8217;re getting into progressions that bring in the rest &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/2024\/identifying-standard-pop-chord-progressions\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Identifying standard pop chord progressions&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[9,927,498],"tags":[2930,2528,2932,69,74,845,1167,177,1413,2931,263,275,381,410,1463,935,534,2929,2928,2927,568,1197,593,615,619,625,674,709,718,1388,1537,788],"class_list":["post-28880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-music","category-music-teaching","category-music-theory","tag-all-levels-at-once","tag-aural-skills","tag-axis-of-awesome","tag-beatles","tag-beyonce","tag-bob-dylan","tag-carly-rae-jepsen","tag-david-bowie","tag-dolly-parton","tag-everly-brothers","tag-folk","tag-funk","tag-jimi-hendrix","tag-lady-gaga","tag-marvin-gaye","tag-neil-young","tag-nyu","tag-paul-and-mary","tag-peter","tag-phil-collins","tag-pop","tag-rb","tag-radiohead","tag-rihanna","tag-rock","tag-rolling-stones","tag-songwriting","tag-super-mario-bros","tag-talking-heads","tag-the-band","tag-u2","tag-whitney-houston","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pAPdE-7vO","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28880"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31423,"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28880\/revisions\/31423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ethanhein.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}